Essay Writing Service With Money

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Essay Writing Service With Money

Essay Writing Service With Money In case of any questions, contact our help manager. First, we anticipate our future writer to have a University diploma and no less than 2 years of experience in custom writing. All applicants for the writer’s position should meet these requirements. Click the button on the primary page and observe our easy directions. We bet there's nothing easier than hiring writers at EssayPro. We double-verify all of the assignments for plagiarism and send you solely unique essays. Then we are happy that you just’ve discovered us, as we’re the platform in search of to assist. You can finally give us all your troubles and enjoy an excellent evening’s relaxation or some high quality time along with your mates. No, this data is confidential, and no one can see it, not even your author. In case you aren't snug having some private data on your account, we will delete it at your request. as a result of they've skilled author research skills, excellent spelling and grammar, and data on relevant software and platforms. They are qualified at or above the extent you requested. If, for example, you order a high school degree essay, it will be assigned to a author with BA or MA degrees, however when you want a thesis or a dissertation, we’ll match you with a PhD expert. We want solely the top-grade writers to work in your orders. That is why every candidate undergoes a thorough choice process to affix our expert group. Each client can choose an appropriate author to buy an essay from. right now, and a qualified author will set to work in your task in less than quarter-hour. Nonetheless, many students save their essays for the last minute and keep up until morning trying to string these three,000 words collectively. At EssayPro, we employ a big staff of expert writers. Their rating is predicated on earlier buyer critiques and charges. Before you hire a author, you'll be able to familiarize your self along with his monitor report in detail. So are you too busy to catch a break from a busy day? Are you hellbent on making the most effective out of your faculty life however simply lack time to do so? 24⁄7 buyer assist to those who have any questions or considerations relating to the writing service. We tried our greatest to create an effortless hiring course of. We’ve written thousands of papers since 2009, and college students still choose us because we offer outstanding papers appreciated by professors and lecturers and that deliver college students good grades. All of papers you get at MasterPapers.com are meant for analysis functions solely. Our Quality Assurance Team checks each paper on the market for plagiarism and consistency before last delivery. You are assured to obtain an entirely authentic piece with properly cited sources. Your custom essay will be deleted in 30 days after the delivery. There is no chance for it to ever appear on the internet. Communicate with the author whenever you want using secure chat board and keep track of the writing progress. They can do that by taking a look at elements similar to success charges and customer evaluations. Every writer we make use of is a local speaker of English and comes from both the USA, Australia, UK, Canada, Ireland, or New Zealand. Meaning, unsatisfied clients additionally don't want to worry when it comes to a poor high quality paper. In any case, nobody can use our system to be taught some private information about you or find out you used this service. We are not like all different sites that promise you the most effective, however provide you with companies of scholars from third world nations with poor data.

Work With A Top College Essay Writer At College

Work With A Top College Essay Writer At College Yes, the life of a college scholar is always energetic and filled with challenges. Balancing your private life and educational obligations is a ability that takes time to be discovered and your school years are one of the best time to apply the way to do it most effectively. However, doing it all well and on time isn’t at all times easy. An mental and skilled fanatic who has the expertise of writing on the varied niches in the given deadline, similar to graduate essays, APA essays, law essay and so on. Want to get help with essays and worrying to break the banks? Some businesses specialize in highly specific programs similar to historical past or literature, but you should search for a group that may cowl a broad scope of subjects. Versatility is very important since you are prone to write about all kinds of topics throughout school and school years. If you want to get a premium essay paper, you need to verify the standard of a given agency beforehand. The greatest authors will ship you samples of earlier works and it will help you assess their skill degree. Make certain to compare totally different provides and pinpoint the one which seems most promising. You don’t have to remain in a single place and write from beginning to finish. The writer must construct a case utilizing details and logic, in addition to examples, skilled opinion, and sound reasoning. The author ought to current all sides of the argument, however should be capable of communicate clearly and with out equivocation why a certain position is appropriate. Before making any last choices, make certain to scout the web site in query and take the time to check the evaluations left by the opposite college students. Also, learn the FAQ section fastidiously to get a clear overview of what you can anticipate before, during, and after your paper is delivered. Give your self the liberty to write as when you’re circling round your subject rather than making a single, simple argument. Then, whenever you edit, you can also make positive every thing traces up correctly. As you research your essay subject, seek for this story of surprise, and don’t start writing until you'll find it. Yes, you should comply with the guidelines in your project. If your instructor tells you to write down a 5-paragraph essay, then write a five-paragraph essay! They research via scientific knowledge and use it to assemble a one hundred% plagiarism-free paper. The writer will observe the principles of the quotation standard indicated within the order type. While like an expository essay in its presentation of details, the goal of the persuasive essay is to convince the reader to simply accept the writer’s perspective or suggestion. 6DollarEssay has designed the coed plans to fulfill your needs at low cost. Partner with us and entry our cheap essays in no time. We take this seriously, and that is why we have don't tolerate plagiarism. We write all orders from scratch and make sure that they are one hundred% unique. You wouldn't have to tense whereas submitting your essay to your college tutor since we double-check it before we give you the final copy. If ordering papers online is what it takes, then it’s the best step to take. All prospects get customized content that’s uniquely tailor-made to their wants. We assign a author based on the order’s necessities. Ever marvel how you would present your self to the world of unknowns? Simple, simple, and engaging introduction is written to describe the story of your self within the first person in order that the reader might think past by becoming on self into it. A lot of brainstorming and capturing the ideas of efficient narrative essay writing may help you in drafting one of the best piece.

‎Guided Essay Writer On The App Store

‎Guided Essay Writer On The App  Store Our essay writer service also guarantees on-time delivery. We know that you've got different commitments to handle and shouldn't be worrying over delayed submissions. This is why we've developed and carried out a strict coverage on timeliness. You may notice that a author doesn’t provide a great deal of examples, but instead offers a basic idea of what an excellent essay should be to you. Be certain to learn the sample over and see what you think. Essay writing help in Australia can help you gain perception into the method of writing an essay. The essay writing assistance might permit you to see examples of essay writing that other writers have done. So you may get an concept of what it’s like to put in writing an essay. As for the revisions, we perceive that even one of the best essay writer on-line could make mistakes every so often. This is why our clients get multiple probabilities to ask for improvements and adjustments to their work. We are only accomplished with the paper if you are completely happy. You will need to discover one with a great reputation, should you’ve by no means worked with an internet essay writing service before. You can find evaluations of essay writing firms on the internet. You may notice that this can be a incredible source of information when searching for an essay writing service. With our on-line communication mediums, you possibly can ask about the least expensive essay available, ask for a pattern of our work, or you possibly can learn extra about the service. It is good to know from a client’s perspective that there isn't any need for paying a author prematurely. You can check if the ultimate result meets your requirements and solely then approve of the author’s work. It saves you from cooperating with frauds who ship low-high quality content material and goal to get as many purchasers misled as attainable. This is one of the greatest concerns that generally forestall students from getting assist from a paper writing service. Do not worry that somebody will learn about our cooperation. No personal info of yours is collected, so there aren't any hyperlinks to your identity. Everything you say and monetary transactions you carry out are encrypted and protected, and we often replace and elaborate our safety methods. Of course, there might be different extra particular requirements, depending on the character of the project. Nonetheless, when you ever doubt your ability to work on the task, think about working with an skilled essay author from our company. We have strong guarantees and policies that can be sure that you get a superior paper, written according to your immediate. The on-line essay writing assistance will offer samples of previous work. It doesn't matter how shut your deadline is â€" your paper will arrive on time. There are those papers that it is possible for you to to finish with ease, while others could also be comparatively advanced. In general, you will need to know tips on how to accurately cite sources and use an acceptable format. Besides, you'll be able to talk along with your writer immediately in chat, if you wish to follow the method. Everything is designed to facilitate your task, to not complicate it. Now that you are a happy faculty pupil, we do need to congratulate you on this accomplishment! You might assume that any longer your life will be cloudless and cheerful, however it's quite removed from the truth. As a pupil, you've probably skilled a great deal of work in class and at house already, and so the prospects of socialization or fun time start looking bleak and unachievable. You can avail our fast & low cost essay writing service when you need to submit a paper urgently. For a problem-free online communication session, you can reach the legit and inexpensive essay writing service by way of e-mail. Not all of the questions you could have about essay writing may be clarified by studying FAQ or Terms and Conditions. Sometimes you just must person to clarify to you issues and this person must be out there 24/7. This is the premise on which we have built our buyer help service. So if you place your order in the morning or late within the evening and also you want clarifications immediately, you're going to get them â€" in chat, by call or by way of email .

‎Guided Essay Writer On The App Store

‎Guided Essay Writer On The App  Store Our essay writer service also guarantees on-time delivery. We know that you've got different commitments to handle and shouldn't be worrying over delayed submissions. This is why we've developed and carried out a strict coverage on timeliness. You may notice that a author doesn’t provide a great deal of examples, but instead offers a basic idea of what an excellent essay should be to you. Be certain to learn the sample over and see what you think. Essay writing help in Australia can help you gain perception into the method of writing an essay. The essay writing assistance might permit you to see examples of essay writing that other writers have done. So you may get an concept of what it’s like to put in writing an essay. As for the revisions, we perceive that even one of the best essay writer on-line could make mistakes every so often. This is why our clients get multiple probabilities to ask for improvements and adjustments to their work. We are only accomplished with the paper if you are completely happy. You will need to discover one with a great reputation, should you’ve by no means worked with an internet essay writing service before. You can find evaluations of essay writing firms on the internet. You may notice that this can be a incredible source of information when searching for an essay writing service. With our on-line communication mediums, you possibly can ask about the least expensive essay available, ask for a pattern of our work, or you possibly can learn extra about the service. It is good to know from a client’s perspective that there isn't any need for paying a author prematurely. You can check if the ultimate result meets your requirements and solely then approve of the author’s work. It saves you from cooperating with frauds who ship low-high quality content material and goal to get as many purchasers misled as attainable. This is one of the greatest concerns that generally forestall students from getting assist from a paper writing service. Do not worry that somebody will learn about our cooperation. No personal info of yours is collected, so there aren't any hyperlinks to your identity. Everything you say and monetary transactions you carry out are encrypted and protected, and we often replace and elaborate our safety methods. Of course, there might be different extra particular requirements, depending on the character of the project. Nonetheless, when you ever doubt your ability to work on the task, think about working with an skilled essay author from our company. We have strong guarantees and policies that can be sure that you get a superior paper, written according to your immediate. The on-line essay writing assistance will offer samples of previous work. It doesn't matter how shut your deadline is â€" your paper will arrive on time. There are those papers that it is possible for you to to finish with ease, while others could also be comparatively advanced. In general, you will need to know tips on how to accurately cite sources and use an acceptable format. Besides, you'll be able to talk along with your writer immediately in chat, if you wish to follow the method. Everything is designed to facilitate your task, to not complicate it. Now that you are a happy faculty pupil, we do need to congratulate you on this accomplishment! You might assume that any longer your life will be cloudless and cheerful, however it's quite removed from the truth. As a pupil, you've probably skilled a great deal of work in class and at house already, and so the prospects of socialization or fun time start looking bleak and unachievable. You can avail our fast & low cost essay writing service when you need to submit a paper urgently. For a problem-free online communication session, you can reach the legit and inexpensive essay writing service by way of e-mail. Not all of the questions you could have about essay writing may be clarified by studying FAQ or Terms and Conditions. Sometimes you just must person to clarify to you issues and this person must be out there 24/7. This is the premise on which we have built our buyer help service. So if you place your order in the morning or late within the evening and also you want clarifications immediately, you're going to get them â€" in chat, by call or by way of email .

7 Tips On Writing An Effective Scholarship Or College Essay

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Essay Tips

Essay Tips There are many writing corporations on the Internet that use pre-written content material. Given that professors at all times verify students’ papers for originality, such an method may cause problems. We don’t wish to disappoint you because your expertise determines our popularity. Every paper we promote is written from scratch for a selected customer. We check all papers utilizing dependable anti-plagiarism software program earlier than sending them to you. When you first contact us to find essay writers for hire, we will scour by way of our database of writers and discover one that matches up with you. We'll be sure that that essay writer is one of the best essay author for you. Each paper we write is exclusive, and we all the time goal to cater to your particular wants. We by no means re-use or re-promote any essay we now have created. We only permit our qualified educational writers with matching qualifications to take in your work. Secondly, we now have considerably low charges beginning at $thirteen.99 per page. Thirdly, we release the payment only when you are satisfied along with your essay and have no issues. So, this website is not only useful for basic subjects, but additionally for the ones you major in â€" the standard received’t disappoint. I wanted a paper urgently and, at first, was fairly skeptical about placing an order. Still, my writer did not only deliver a 10-page paper in philosophy on time â€" I really obtained an A+ for it! Now, I know who to turn to when the deadline is urgent. As you can see, a writing agency is needed not simply because college students are after convenience. In reality, lots of our clients hire us as a result of they are very committed to their research and so they need instructions with these papers, so they can get higher at writing. If you need a human proofreader to verify your work, you may use Proessaywriting. It is an expert writing service that has skilled proofreaders who can choose up errors that a machine can not locate. The abilities taught on this Specialization will empower you to achieve any school-degree course or skilled subject. VarietyDissertations, essays, research, and time period papers. Our firm can take care of a wide range of papers. My essay on math was accomplished sooner than I expected. I can positively recommend this service as a result of these guys work with the pace of light. The rates are fairly low right here plus they provide reductions so it's potential to buy papers and still save money. You’ll learn to conduct rigorous academic analysis and to express your ideas clearly in an educational format. In the final Capstone Project, all the knowledge that you’ve gained over the span of these programs will culminate into an educational analysis paper on a difficulty of your choice. Given the quantity of research paper requests we get, we now have amped up our staff with research paper writing experts who write customized, properly-written analysis papers. Many students hesitate to achieve out to essay writing web sites due to some negative experiences they’ve had up to now. You’re not alone -- that’s the lifetime of a quintessential college scholar. With looming deadlines and complicated essays, college students are beneath immense stress and left feeling confused. We deliver quality educational papers precisely if you need them and earlier than the expected deadline. I already graduated from college, and now I can say that these guys have helped me through it! In the final 5 years, I’ve positioned more than one order right here, and all of them got here out great. Most of the papers I ordered had been in minor subjects, however once I needed to order a research paper in history . I was actually pleased with the depth of the research and the overall paper organization. Also, it is proofread to be able to be with none mistakes. But, with your skilled help I achieved educational success. Thank you for an excellent paper and pleasant vibe. Without doubt, I will recommend you to all my associates.

Essay Tips

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Essay Tips

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Living With the Stigma of Mental Illness Essay examples

Life with a serious mental disorder such as schizophrenia and others, usually never falls within the boundaries of what could be considered ‘easy.’ Long treatment regiments, intense medications and sometimes debilitating symptoms are just a few headlines in the laundry list of hardships that befall those diagnosed with a serious mental disorder. Even with all this, they then must face society and its uncanny ability to stigmatize and isolate these people. While certainly not anything new to this group of individuals, stigma has shifted and changed shape to conform to the current standards of society, and what is ‘normal.’ Is the distancing of mainstream society away from the mentally ill due to ignorance on their (society’s) part or†¦show more content†¦But what could attribute to this stigma? Approximately seventy-five percent of the population views people with a mental illness as dangerous (Corrigan et. al—2). Such a high percentage indicates that the majority of the population holds a negative connotation both about the prospect of mental illness, and towards the individuals who were unfortunate enough to contract the illness. A reasonable person would object to this, claiming that those people were making uneducated assumptions of the mentally ill population, which an informed person would be able to make the clear distinction between a dangerous individual and one who is not. A 2004 study performed by P.Corrigan, A. Watson, A.Warpinsku and G.Garcia, collected data from 161 people from a community college who were randomly assigned to one of three conditions concerning the education of mental illness; education about violence, education about stigma and a control where either mental illness or physical disability issues were taught or discussed. The results of this study found that those who were in the group â€Å"concerning education about violence were more consistent in their demonstration of negative a ttitudes towards people with mental illness† (Corrigan et al—2). This directly challenges the practices by some community groups that insist that education of people about mental illness should focus on the dangers of not getting treatment, which often includes depicting a violent picture ofShow MoreRelatedMental Health And The Media982 Words   |  4 PagesMental Health and the Media Mental illness in general carries an enormous stigma. People have respect for and take seriously physical ailments but when it comes to mental illness there is still immense discrimination. The stigma that comes from having a mental disorder such as, bi-polar depression, schizophrenia, or panic disorder comes with an enormous societal cost and can cause people not to talk about it. They may feel ashamed, embarrassed or fear stigma. 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Nursing Evidence Based Research Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Evidence Based Research. Answer: Effectiveness of the EARLY SAVE Program The EARLY SAVE program was particularly initiated to mirror out best practices in early recognition as well as response to clinical deterioration. Clinical staff was educated so that they could be able to implement the program effectively. Additionally, there was an introduction of an escalation chart as well as an observation to help in accomplishing the plan. The EARLY SAVE program has been effective in improving early recognition as well as response to clinical deterioration within the hospital. To show this, there has been an incredible decrease in the death of patients from 25 percent to 10 percent. This is a tremendous achievement which the hospital has accomplished with the introduction of the early save program. The program has ensured that any patient who deteriorate get timely and appropriate care. Through the program, all patients have been able to receive comprehensive care, irrespective of the time of the day or their location within the hospital. An array of systems has been put in place to manage and overcome clinical deterioration efficiently (Churpek et al. 2015 p. A5396). The program permits the clinicians to use various guides to identify plans for implementing stout response and recognition systems. Notably, due to the program, patients who are being transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have significantly reduced from 35 percent to 20 percent. This shows that the program has been able to take care of or treat a patient who requires close monitoring and observation. It is also important to note that the program has specialized equipment as well as trained personnel who are able to care for patients suffering from chronic diseases such as respiratory diseases and cardiac pain. According Barr et al. (2013 p. 264), these equipment have functioned more effectively in detecting and recognizing patients suffering from cardiac diseases and quickly responding to their conditions. As a result, more patients have been able to stay in the wards thus not getting a transfer to either ICU or HDI. The professionals have also used the equipment to come up with best practices to overcome such diseases, therefore, reducing the number of deaths. The Use of Data Obtained from Pre and Post EARLY SAVE Program When Reporting to (NSQHS) Standard The National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standard drives the implementations of quality and safety systems which improve health care quality(Boyd and Sheen, 2014 p. 31). The information obtained from the Pre and Post EARLY SAVE Program can significantly assist when reporting to the National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standard. The data shows improvements the hospital has made through the implementation of EARLY SAVE Program. For example, through the implementation of the EARLY SAVE Program, the hospital has experienced a significant decline in the number of deaths from 25 percent to 10 percent. Remarkably, this will reveal to NSQHS that the hospital is making progress in quality health care delivery. Additionally, the hospital has experienced a decrease in the number of patients being transferred to the ICU from 35% to 20%. The data shows that the various calls in the MET have increased from 160 calls to 360 calls indicating that the program actively helps several people to have a healthy living. Currently, patients can call the MET to intervene for their situations. It is, therefore, important to state that the number of staff attending to different customers have increased allowing better service delivery. The data will also aid to let know NSQHS that a lot of progress is taking place within the hospital regarding service delivery. For example, patients can now remain in wards and receive proper treatment without necessarily going to the intensive care unit. Events which take place during the trial to save a life are quite intense. The family members presence during the resuscitation efforts is becoming a vital issue in the healthcare setting. The presence of few family members, for instance, during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a comparatively fresh matter in healthcare. It is important to note that prior to the initiation of modern Medicare, a patients family was habitually present at their loved ones deathbed. A sick individuals final moments were mostly regulated by the family members instead of the medical profession. This article endeavors to elucidate the importance of allowing the presence of family members during the resuscitation of a loved one. Many emergency medical practitioners advocate that giving family members an opportunity to watch resuscitation of a loved one is a good idea (Tudor et al, 2014 p. 88). Both the emergency medical experts and family members agree that witnessing the resuscitation of a loved one can take out the mystery of any possible terrifying experience. It is noteworthy that it offers reassurance to the members of the household that all is being done to ensure or save the life of their loved one. People always need assurance that everything is taking place rightly and so allowing the presence of the relatives gives them the opportunity to know what is taking place in the theatre. It is vital to consider the area which the patients family members are allowed to reach without infuriating any interference to the medical practitioners. Allowing the presence of the relatives also provides closure for some of the family members who want to be with the loved one till his or her last minutes. Also, it shows individuals why reviving anyone in cardiac arrest is not much likely to be easy as persons do assume from watching the process on the television. Members of the family who may rightly understand what it means by doing everything possible or probable can go ahead to come up with more informed decision about end-of-life-care for their families or themselves (Greenfield et al. 2015 3111). The journal of New England of Medicine elucidates that no negative or adverse effects can arise from having family members present during the resuscitations attempts. According to Collinset al. (2015 p. 793), members of the family who observes resuscitations attempts are considerably less in the offing to experience depression, anxiety as well as symptoms or signs of post-traumatic stress compared to family members who do not observe the resuscitation efforts. The results established in the Journal of New England of Medicine, titled Family Members Presence during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation show that family members presence does not impact the results of the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Jabre et al 2013 p. 1009) The study also shows that the relatives presence does not increase the levels of stress of the emergency medical team which usually comprises three emergency medical technicians, trained nurses in emergency medicine, and a physician. The study established that having the presence of family members does not lead to any failure in the resuscitation process. In the same token, the members of the family feel involved in the resuscitation process, and they can appear more adept to reconcile to the fact of losing a life. According to Porter et al (2014 p. 71), family members presence during, for instance, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of an adult patient has to some extent positive impact, especially if the medical team fails to re-establish the fundamental physical functions. Hasselqvistet al. (2014, p. 2308), advocates that the family presence have no traumatic memory as a result, because they will believe that the doctors helped their household member, and this eases their fears. Subsequently, the family members presence enhances their understanding of the patients condition, and they may make informed decisions concerning the patients condition. It is significant to note that relatives presence offers various opportunities for them to support the patient as well as obtain closure in case of death. Family members are also able to appreciate the resuscitation efforts made by the medical practitioners when allowed to be in the acute care setting. Most importantly, family members presence increases the staff attention to the patient and enhances professional behavior amongst the staff members (Zavotsky et al, 2014 p. 326). The staff members will have to create a much holistic approach to care, therefore, increasing the survival chances. Notably, these articles are vital since they help in explaining the benefits of having the family members within the acute care setting. The commentaries tell why the modern medical practitioners currently allow the patients relative to watch and witness the operation being done on their loved ones. In conclusion, the objectives of resuscitation include limiting disability, relieving suffering, restoring health, respecting peoples privacy as well as decisions, and preserving life (Soar et al, 2015, p. 102). The practice of providing the members of the family with the chance to be present during resuscitation has become a controversial ethical matter in most emergency medical services. However, family members ought to be allowed in during resuscitation so that they can be able to accept the situation and move on. Their presence is quite significant since it provides a holistic approach to care and offers various opportunities for the family members to support their patient as well as obtain closure in case of death. References Barr, J., Fraser, G.L., Puntillo, K., Ely, E.W., Glinas, C., Dasta, J.F., Davidson, J.E., Devlin, J.W., Kress, J.P., Joffe, A.M. and Coursin, D.B., 2013. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit.Critical care medicine,41(1), pp.263-306. Boyd, L. and Sheen, J., 2014. The national safety and quality health service standards requirements for orientation and induction within Australian Healthcare: A review of the literature.Asia Pacific journal of health management,9(3), pp.31-37. Churpek, M.M., Winslow, C.J., Meltzer, D.O., Kattan, M. and Edelson, D.P., 2015. Multicenter Comparison Of Conventional Regression And Machine Learning Methods For Predicting Clinical Deterioration On The Wards. In D16. Predicting Risk And Outcomes For Critical Illness (pp. A5396-A5396). American Thoracic Society. Collins, F.S. and Varmus, H., 2015. A new initiative on precision medicine.New England Journal of Medicine,372(9), pp.793-795. Greenfield, D., Hinchcliff, R., Banks, M., Mumford, V., Hogden, A., Debono, D., Pawsey, M., Westbrook, J. and Braithwaite, J., 2015. Analysing big picturepolicy reform mechanisms: the Australian health service safety and quality accreditation scheme.Health Expectations,18(6), pp.3110-3122. Hasselqvist-Ax, I., Riva, G., Herlitz, J., Rosenqvist, M., Hollenberg, J., Nordberg, P., Ringh, M., Jonsson, M., Axelsson, C., Lindqvist, J. and Karlsson, T., 2015. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.New England Journal of Medicine,372(24), pp.2307-2315. Jabre, P., Belpomme, V., Azoulay, E., Jacob, L., Bertrand, L., Lapostolle, F., Tazarourte, K., Bouilleau, G., Pinaud, V., Broche, C. and Normand, D., 2013. Family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.New England Journal of Medicine,368(11), pp.1008-1018. Porter, J.E., Cooper, S.J. and Sellick, K., 2014. Family presence during resuscitation (FPDR): perceived benefits, barriers and enablers to implementation and practice.International emergency nursing,22(2), pp.69-74. Soar, J., Nolan, J.P., Bttiger, B.W., Perkins, G.D., Lott, C., Carli, P., Pellis, T., Sandroni, C., Skrifvars, M.B., Smith, G.B. and Sunde, K., 2015. European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2015.Resuscitation,95, pp.100-147. Tudor, K., Berger, J., Polivka, B.J., Chlebowy, R. and Thomas, B., 2014. Nurses perceptions of family presence during resuscitation.American Journal of Critical Care,23(6), pp.e88-e96. Zavotsky, K.E., McCoy, J., Bell, G., Haussman, K., Joiner, J., Marcoux, K.K., Magarelli, K., Mahoney, K., Maldonado, L., Mastro, K.A. and Milloria, A., 2014. Resuscitation team perceptions of family presence during CPR.Advanced emergencynursing journal,36(4), pp.325-334.

Leading With My Chin By Jay Leno Essays - Jay Leno, Burbank

Leading With My Chin by: Jay Leno Jay Leno is quite an inspiring man. Through his childhood years was lonely yet happy boy. He was forced upon his parents to do certain things he did not want, but he did it until he was forced in not doing it. Jay Leno had a hilarious life growing up and his adventures still reign with him. His most humorous days were his childhood. He was also very mysterious when he was around his friends. Jay Leno wrote this book for many reasons. He wanted to show the world that he came from being a nobody from nowhere to one of the most well known people on the planet. While writing this book Jay Leno recounted many of the ridiculous steps and missteps that have led him on what may be the unlikeliest of paths, from college campuses to Carnegie Hall to Las Vegas and, finally, the Tonight Show. Jay reveals his in his wholesome Andover, Massachusetts, the way he grew up. He was the son of a Scottish mother, and an Italian father. ?I'm half-breed of the oddest sort: one part Scottish, one part Italian. The combination makes no sense. Because each side is couldn't be more diametrically opposed.? His experiences with his parents are hilarious like the time his parents hosted a dinner party, and little Jay was supposed to be asleep, and he wanted to make a scene so that everyone would be impressed with him. Little Jay climbed and swung on the chandelier and then flew right down in the middle of the table. His parents flew him to the hospital where he had to have his ruptured spleen, repaired. Although the extent of the book is really entertaining, there is nothing really deep in this book. He doesn't convey many personal feelings, doesn't gossip or put any one down like Howard Stern. The weird thing about his book is that Jay ends this book right when the story is seeming to get interesting, right when he is about to introduce Tom Cruise on his show, and he is about to take over the Tonight Show. When Jay was growing up his father made him attend such activities and sports such as football, baseball, the boy scouts and so on. Jay hated all things his father made him do. His experiences of getting out of these situations are hysterical. Times such as the time his father bought him a fishing pole and Jay had some kind of master plan to please his father. ?The idea made me sick. Then one day at school I heard some kids talk about catching a lot of fish. I said, ?where's a lot of fish They said, ?They're draining this lake near our house and there are all these fish there!? I figured that if the lake is drained, fish have to be flipping around everywhere. How hard could this be The story ends up that the fish were rotten and he told his mother the truth, while his father thought they were gonna have a fish dinner that night. His mother threw the fish away and went to the market to get fresh ones, and his father never noticed the difference. ?Now, I never liked joining groups, and the boyscouts in particular worried me because you required to attend meetings wearing uniforms with shorts. And, worse a neckerchief! I couldn't have looked dorkier.? As you may see he wasn't into many activities either. All of the things that had happened to Jay Leno had to happen for a reason or else he wouldn't be the person he is today. The things that happened to him were unbelievable but in some way it fell into place and made him the way he is today. Throughout the book, Jay wrote a lighter side to Leno, as opposed to the All-American image we see on TV As Jay explains in the book, it consists mainly of short, humorous episodes as he works his way up through he ranks as a stand-up comedian. In reading the account, we see that he truly has paid dues and deserves to be where he is today. Conversely, he spends a lot of time

How to Overcome Writers Block (20 Tips That ACTUALLY Work)

How to Overcome Writers Block (20 Tips That ACTUALLY Work) How to Overcome Writer's Block Charles Bukowski once wrote, â€Å"Writing about a writer's block is better than not writing at all.† Some folks would rather not mention writer's block at all, as if thinking about how to overcome it will somehow exacerbate the condition - like scratching away at a rash.Unfortunately, writer’s block is a gremlin that rarely goes away by itself, at least not in a timely manner. But by arming yourself with knowledge of what causes this creative quagmire - and how to climb out of it - you’ll be much better equipped to deal with it in the future! To start, let’s answer the question...What is writer’s block?Writer’s block is the condition of being unable to proceed with writing or the inability to start writing something new. But of course, we all know that much! What often stumps us where this frustrating predicament comes from, and how to solve it. Make your creative process more visualWhen your words are failing you, throw out the dictionary and get visual. The Inkflow app works like a visual word processor, so you can get your ideas on the page and then move them around (or doodle all over them) as you wish. If you’re the kind of person who likes to outline by placing sticky notes on the wall - but aren’t ready to ditch the technology and go totally old-school - then this app might be your new best writing friend.17) Look for the root of the blockAs psychologists Singer and Barrios pointed out, writer’s block often comes from a problem deeper than simple â€Å"lack of inspiration.† That’s what Unstuck can help you with! It can help you identify the root of your block, and provide a range of solutions to get your pen moving again. In other words, it’s a true friend in time of writer’s need!18) Go cold turkey and turn off the InternetIt’s a small miracle that people are able to get any writing done on a machine that offers access to a whole Internet’s worth of distraction. If willpower isn’t your strongest suit and your biggest challenge right now is staying away from distraction, Cold Turkey might be the app for you. It turns your computer into a typewriter until you reach your writing goal. In it’s own words, it’s â€Å"probably the most stubborn text editor ever made.†19) When you can't find the words... let the words find youThis is essentially the point of this â€Å"fridge poetry-esque† app, Word Palette. Featuring a keyboard of random words, simply click your way to your next potential masterpiece. Or at least, a bizarre poem that gets the fire started.20) Find your inner HemingwayIf your biggest block is your own self-doubt, Hemingway may help curb that anxiety by offering suggestions to improve your writer as you go. Advice includes things like: â€Å"too verbose,† â€Å"use a forceful verb ,† and â€Å"use active voice instead of passive.† This app is so sharp, it even provides editorial feedback to the writing of its namesake: Ernest Hemingway. (Try pasting the line: â€Å"There is nothing noble in being superior to your fellow man; true nobility is being superior to your former self† into the app.) These 5 apps will get your pen-and-paper mojo back #writersblock There might not be a magic trick or formula when it comes to inspiration. But add these 20 tips to your creative arsenal, and you’ll be on your way to kicking writer’s block to the curb. And remember: if you're still stuck, you always have these writer's block memes to keep you company!Did you try any of our tips? Did they work for you? Do you have your own tried-and-true methods for eliminating writer's block? Leave any thoughts or questions in the comments below!

Summary of Psychiatric Journal Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of Psychiatric Journal - Article Example The researchers make an extensive review of the literature on hourly rounds of nurses and seek to apply its positive outcomes to mental healthcare settings as well. The researchers take special efforts to distinguish hourly rounds from frequent checks by the nurses; the latter simply seeks to ensure patient safety while hourly rounds aim at establishing a â€Å"one-to-one verbal interaction to evaluate a patient’s comfort and needs† (Moran et al, 2011, p. 23). The researchers seek to measure the outcome or success of hourly nursing rounds by analyzing patient satisfaction scores, the variance in the number of patient requests at the nurses’ station as well as the number of complaints made by patents (Moran et al, 2011, p. 24).  The pilot study emphasizes that both patients and nurses benefitted from hourly rounds on psychiatric wards. The findings reveal that hourly rounds not only equip nurses to better identify individual problems of patients but also has a d ramatic positive impact on patient satisfaction levels. The article clearly demonstrates how hourly rounds brought about remarkable changes in all pilot units: the overall patient satisfaction improved considerably while there had been a significant decrease in the requests made by patients at the nurses’ stations (Moran et al, 2011, p. 25).  The conclusions are drawn from the pilot study display the positive impact of hourly nursing rounds in mental health inpatient settings. The results of the study show that hourly nursing rounds increase patients’ satisfaction, nurses’ prompt responses to patient requests, and result in greater sharing of nurses’ information about medications† (Moran et al, 2011, p. 26). However, the study also emphasizes that hourly round methods need to vary from unit to unit depending on the needs and requirements of patients.  

Real estate and capital structure decisions- Lease versus Buy Analysis Essay

Real estate and capital structure decisions- Lease versus Buy Analysis - Essay Example If the study proves to be promising, that the company will most likely to expand in 2-3 years, the idea of buying a space could then be possible---but it still might not be the best option. Company expansion may not even mean an extension of the same space. It would sometimes be practical, and this is what most businessmen prefer, to rent a space from a different area. This aims to win a different market and could then maximize company profits, or at times, if it is not a marketing company, this option will give its clients an option on which office is more accessible. Another factor is the present company financial status on the STL’s immediate needs. Having a twenty full-time staff, STL could then be considered as a small enterprise, and its financial statements show that STL is not earning a quite impressive profit; in fact, the statement indicates that the company will be immediately affected of the lease rent increase. Below is an illustration of a basic computation to determine the distinction on the lease expense and the purchase option. The trading company is currently paying an annual amount of HK$970,000 or HK$80,833.333 every month, whereas, an additional ten percent would require the company to spend HK$1,067,000 every year or HK$88916.667 each month. This amount, when multiplied by 10, would make the company an allotment of HK$10, 670,000. Please note the possibility of another increase for the lease. This would be dependent on the length of time of the contract, if STL has a 10-year lease contract it is not likely to endure another price rise. The amount, however, was multiplied by ten, for the anticipation of a ten- year-mortgage should the company decide to purchase its own space. The interest would depend on the market and economy; however, it is evident that the purchase price does not have a great difference in amount. The purchase

The Issue of Human Cloning Essay Example for Free

The Issue of Human Cloning Essay INTRODUCTION Human cloning has been a favorite subject in science fiction stories, but has in recent years, it has become front page news. Anytime that a new scientific debate is born, many details about the topic itself is muddled with many inaccuracies. The problem is: do people understand enough of the science to predict whether cloning will be acceptable or not ethically and/or legally? Does it make sense to bring new people in the world whose origin is drastically different than the majority of people? This short review will focus first on arguments for cloning human beings based on scientific arguments and second on arguments against human cloning from the book by Leon Kass â€Å"The Ethics of Human Cloning. † REPRODUCTIVE AND RESEARCH CLONING Cloning is done in adult animals by somatic cell nuclear transfer. In the case of sheep like Dolly, the nucleus of a cell from a sheep is placed inside the cell of another sheep that has been emptied from its nucleus. However, contrary to the popular belief, the cloned sheep will not be 100% genetically identical to the donor sheep. The enucleated cell still has some DNA inside in organelles like the mitochondria that will be different than the donor’s DNA. The main arguments for cloning deal with the potential medical as well as scientific benefits that would be conferred upon humanity if adult humans could be cloned. The first reason is that cloning humans would bring forth medical breakthroughs for curing diseases like cancer. The rationale is that cloning involved in the differentiation of a cell may be an advantage that could help in the comprehension of how a cell differentiates and divides. Cancerous cells are multiplying without restraints since the cellular mechanisms for regulating cell division and cell growth are non-functional. Usually, unrestrained division and growth in normal cells do not continue because the cell has safety mechanisms that will induce death or apoptosis to stop this uncontrollable process. Other ideas about the benefit of cloning are cloning organs that could replace defective ones like heart, kidneys, and liver. This type of cloning is called research cloning contrasting with reproductive cloning. Another argument deals with infertility and reproduction. Many people cannot have children. Reproductive cloning would not only give them a child, but an ideal child in terms of genomic inheritance, implying that a clone could have its genome altered based on the parent’s disease history. This would guarantee a healthy child or some kind of twin to the parent. In essence, identical twins are clones of each other since their genome is identical. Cloning also happens all the time in nature. So, why not in humans too whenever it is wanted? ARGUMENTS AGAINST CLONING Leon Kass in his book â€Å"The Ethics of Human Cloning† analyzes the reasons why human cloning should never be used in our society. Dr. Kass expresses a fundamental distrust of human cloning based on the fact that human intervention is involved in the process. In effect, he draws a parallel between artificial insemination and cloning since both are in vitro processes in the beginning, being transferred to a host in vivo at the end. The problem with â€Å"human hands† is that ‘good intentions pave the way to Hell’ as the saying goes. We can start as wanting the best child, better health, and more intelligence, but in any case, we are not very far from eugenics. Eugenics have a strong opposition because it relies on selecting people based on genetic traits that are changed in order to bring about a specific characteristic in an individual. Eugenics may be the start of a socially unacceptable bias or discrimination based on the fact that the majority of mankind is naturally not fit genetically to qualify as persons almost physically and mentally perfect. In a world where only the most perfect humans would be chosen to survive, no room would be left for ‘inferior’ people. A past historical event connected with this idea is the Holocaust during which, people were gassed in order to get rid of their races or experimented upon in order to find out what physical perfection meant in order to improve the superior race. In addition, Dr. Kass deals with the traditional way of reproduction. Humans reproduce by sexual reproduction and have done so since the beginning of times. Since the announcement about cloning the first sheep, people have been upset about it because they feel that developing the technique further opens the proverbial Pandora’s Box. Will cloning affect our human dignity or our human nature? Moreover, based on the assumption that cloning humans would be accepted, he asks what status a clone would hold in our society. Past historical experiences with slavery and racism have troubled society till today. In fact, the general human population alienates who is different. It has been our nature people to ostracize others who are not judged normal. What would be the place of a clone in our society? What about a social status? What about legal perspectives concerning the rights and connections to their family? Dr. Kass also explains that science has more and more meddled with human reproduction, which he finds troublesome. He believes that there is an excess of consideration of what science in general can do to solve problems. In fact, by remedying one problem, it always creates new ones. In conclusion, cloning seems to possess multiple challenges to its establishment in society. The majority of humans feel that it is an attack on their human nature (reproduction and morality), which they hold sacred. The supporters of cloning are mainly concerned with what cloning can do for mankind in terms of acquiring scientific knowledge to cure diseases like cancer. Time will tell if cloning will bring doom or a better lot in life for humans.

The WWW and Problem Based Learning in Introductory Philosophy :: Education Teaching Essays

The WWW and Problem Based Learning in Introductory Philosophy ABSTRACT: This essay explains how problem-based learning and the World Wide Web (WWW) may be used in collaboration to shift student learning experiences in dramatic ways and to encounter the tasks and concerns of philosophy. We will provide a guided tour of the web site and the problems used in the course, and will describe how these pedagogical strategies may be used to complement traditional classroom venues without making a commitment to offering a course completely on-line for distance learning scenarios. Problem-based learning will also be described and its importance to philosophical instruction will be emphasized. We argue that teaching philosophy by means of problems is more philosophically sound than taking a discrete topical or textual approach. Challenges to this pedagogy are uncovered and discussed. This paper will focus on two significant instructional methods, problem based learning and the use of the web as a teaching tool. It will provide details of the ways in which these two methods have been merged in an Introductory Philosophy class. We will be demonstrating the navigation of our Introduction to Philosophy course web site. I. Problem Based Learning Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a method of teaching and learning that stresses problem solving activities as a means to encountering and applying knowledge. (Barrows, 1984) It develops out of a strong concern that traditional education stresses the acquisition of factual knowledge without long term retention of that information, the ability to apply the material, the skill to think critically, or the understanding of the context in which knowledge develops and relates. (Norman, 1988, Bridges, 1992, Walton and Matthews, 1989).PBL uses a set of problems - simulations, ethical dilemmas, case studies, medical diagnoses or decisions, legal disputes, public policy issues - as the framework for student learning. The closer the problem is to a real life, relevant problem, the better it functions as a learning motivator. (Bridges, 1992). In traditional lecture and discussion format classes, the instructor introduces the material that he/she deems appropriate and then tests the students knowl edge of the material. In PBL, the student is initially confronted with a problem that requires a solution. The problem drives the student assignments and learning tasks. It is the avenue through which students become acquainted with the material. Barbara Duch says "In a traditional science class, learning tends to proceed from the abstract to the concrete, with concepts being introduced first, followed by an application problem.

Digital Modulation Techniques

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY TERM PAPER Topic: Digital Modulation Techniques Course code: ELE102 Course title: Electrical science-II Submitted to:Submitted by: Subrahmanyam Tanala Sirvishwajeet kumar Sec:K1901 Roll:B57 Contents INTRODUCTION †¢ 1 Aim †¢ 2 Analog modulation methods †¢ 3 Digital modulation methods o 3. 1 Fundamental digital modulation methods o 3. 2 Modulator and detector principles of operation o 3. 3 List of common digital modulation techniques †¢ 4 Digital baseband modulation or line coding †¢ 5 Pulse modulation methods †¢ 6 Miscellaneous modulation techniques 7 References INTRODUCTION In electronics, modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a high frequency periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with respect to a modulating signal. This is done in a similar fashion as a musician may modulate a tone (a periodic waveform) from a musical instrument by varying its volume, timing and pitch. The three key parame ters of a periodic waveform are its amplitude (â€Å"volume†), its phase (â€Å"timing†) and its frequency (â€Å"pitch†), all of which can be modified in accordance with a low frequency signal to obtain the modulated signal.Typically a high-frequency sinusoid waveform is used as carrier signal, but a square wave pulse train may also occur. Aim The aim of digital modulation is to transfer a digital bit stream over an analog passband channel, for example over the public switched telephone network (where a bandpass filter limits the frequency range to between 300 and 3400 Hz), or over a limited radio frequency band. The aim of analog modulation is to transfer an analog baseband (or lowpass) signal, for example an audio signal or TV signal, over an analog passband channel, for example a limited radio frequency band or a cable TV network channel. | 2 Analog modulation methods In analog modulation, the modulation is applied continuously in response to the analog info rmation signal. [pic] [pic] A low-frequency message signal (top) may be carried by an AM or FM radio wave. Common analog modulation techniques are: †¢ Amplitude modulation (AM) (here the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in accordance to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal) o Double-sideband modulation (DSB) ? Double-sideband modulation with carrier (DSB-WC) (used on the AM radio broadcasting band) ?Double-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission (DSB-SC) ? Double-sideband reduced carrier transmission (DSB-RC) o Single-sideband modulation (SSB, or SSB-AM), †¢ Angle modulation o Frequency modulation (FM) (here the frequency of the carrier signal is varied in accordance to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal) o Phase modulation (PM) (here the phase shift of the carrier signal is varied in accordance to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal) The accompanying figure shows the results of (amplitude-)modulating a signal on to a carrier (both of which are sine waves).At any point along the y-axis, the amplitude of the modulated signal is equal to the sum of the carrier signal and the modulating signal amplitudes. [pic] [pic] Simple example of amplitude modulation. 3 Digital modulation methods In digital modulation, an analog carrier signal is modulated by a digital bit stream. Digital modulation methods can be considered as digital-to-analog conversion, and the corresponding demodulation or detection as analog-to-digital conversion. The changes in the carrier signal are chosen from a finite number of M alternative symbols (the modulation alphabet). [pic] [pic] Schematic of 4 baud (8 bps) data link.A simple example: A telephone line is designed for transferring audible sounds, for example tones, and not digital bits (zeros and ones). Computers may however communicate over a telephone line by means of modems, which are representing the digital bits by tones, called symbols. If there are four alternative symbols (corresponding to a musical instrument that can generate four different tones, one at a time), the first symbol may represent the bit sequence 00, the second 01, the third 10 and the fourth 11. If the modem plays a melody consisting of 1000 tones per second, the symbol rate is 1000 symbols/second, or baud.Since each tone (i. e. , symbol) represents a message consisting of two digital bits in this example, the bit rate is twice the symbol rate, i. e. 2000 bits per second. This is similar to the technique used by dialup modems as opposed to DSL modems. . According to one definition of digital signal, the modulated signal is a digital signal, and according to another definition, the modulation is a form of digital-to-analog conversion. Most textbooks would consider digital modulation schemes as a form of digital transmission, synonymous to data transmission; very few would consider it as analog transmission. . 1 Fundamental digital modulation methods The most fundamental digita l modulation techniques are based on keying: †¢ In the case of PSK (phase-shift keying), a finite number of phases are used. †¢ In the case of FSK (frequency-shift keying), a finite number of frequencies are used. †¢ In the case of ASK (amplitude-shift keying), a finite number of amplitudes are used. †¢ In the case of QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation), a finite number of at least two phases, and at least two amplitudes are used. FSK The two binary states, logic 0 (low) and 1 (high), are each represented by an analogue waveform.Logic 0 is represented by a wave at a specific frequency, and logic 1 is represented by a wave at a different frequency. Below shows the basic representation. [pic]  Ã‚  Ã‚  [pic] With binary FSK, the centre or carrier frequency is shifted by the binary input data. Thus the input and output rates of change are equal and therefore the bit rate and baud rate equal. The frequency of the carrier is changed as a function of the modulating signal (data), which is being transmitted. Amplitude remains unchanged. Two fixed-amplitude carriers are used, one for a binary zero, the other for a binary one. Uses of FSK.Today FSK Modems are used for short haul data communication over private lines or any dedicated wire pair. These are many used for communication between industrial applications like railroad signalling controls and mobile robotic equipment. The short haul modem offers the following specs; – Speeds of up to 9600 bps – Full-duplex or half duplex operation. – Distance up to 9. 5 miles In the past FSK was used in the Bell 103 and Bell 202. These were the first data modem but due to their low bit rate there not being used any more. The Bell 103 had a data rate of only 300 bauds. This modem was predominant until the early 1980s.Phase Shift Keying – PSK Phase shift keying (PSK) is a method of transmitting and receiving digital signals in which the phase of a transmitted signal is varied to c onvey information. The simplest form of PSK has only two phases, 0 and 1. It is therefore a type of ASK with  ¦(t) taking the values -1 or 1, and its bandwidth is the same as that of ASK. The digital signal is broken up time wise into individual bits (binary digits). The state of each bit is determined according to the state of the preceding bit. If the phase of the wave does not change, then the signal state stays the same (low or high).If the phase of the wave changes by 180 degrees, that is, if the phase reverses, then the signal state changes (from low to high or from high to low) If the phase of the wave changes by 180 degrees, that is, if the phase reverses, then the signal state changes (from low to high or from high to low). Because there are two possible wave phases, this form of PSK is sometimes called bi-phase modulation. If two or more of the same logic level are received in secession the frequency will remain the same until the logic level changes. Variants of PSK. -B inary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK): – Use alternative sine wave phase to encode bits Simple to implement, inefficient use of bandwidth Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) demonstrates better performance than ASK and FSK. PSK can be expanded to a M-array scheme, employing multiple phases and amplitudes as different states. Phase Shift Keying – PSK Phase shift keying (PSK) is a method of transmitting and receiving digital signals in which the phase of a transmitted signal is varied to convey information. The simplest form of PSK has only two phases, 0 and 1. It is therefore a type of ASK with  ¦(t) taking the values -1 or 1, and its bandwidth is the same as that of ASK.The digital signal is broken up time wise into individual bits (binary digits). The state of each bit is determined according to the state of the preceding bit. If the phase of the wave does not change, then the signal state stays the same (low or high). If the phase of the wave changes by 180 degrees, that is , if the phase reverses, then the signal state changes (from low to high or from high to low) If the phase of the wave changes by 180 degrees, that is, if the phase reverses, then the signal state changes (from low to high or from high to low).Because there are two possible wave phases, this form of PSK is sometimes called bi-phase modulation. If two or more of the same logic level are received in secession the frequency will remain the same until the logic level changes. Variants of PSK. a)Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK): – Use alternative sine wave phase to encode bits – Simple to implement, inefficient use of bandwidth [pic] Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) demonstrates better performance than ASK and FSK. PSK can be expanded to a M-array scheme, employing multiple phases and amplitudes as different states.Filtering can be employed to avoid spectral spreading. b)Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK): – Multilevel modulation technique: 2 bits per symbol â€⠀œ More spectrally efficient, more complex receiver [pic][pic][pic] Quadrature Phase Shift Keying is effectively two independent BPSK systems (I and Q), and therefore exhibits the same performance but twice the bandwidth efficiency. Output waveform is sum of modulated;  ± Cosine and  ± Sine wave. Variants of QPSK [pic] – Conventional QPSK has transitions through zero (i. e.. 180o phase transition). Highly linear amplifier required. In Offset QPSK, the transitions on the I and Q channels are staggered. Phase transitions are therefore limited to 90o – ? /4-QPSK the set of constellation points are toggled each symbol, so transitions through zero cannot occur. This scheme produces the lowest envelope variations. Uses of PSK Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) – BPSK is mainly used in deep space telemetry and also cable modems Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and it Variants Satellites – CDMA, (Code-Division Multiple Access) refers to any of several proto cols used in so-called second-generation (2G) and third-generation (3G) wireless communications. TETRA, Terrestrial Trunked Radio) is a set of standards developed by the European Telecommunications Standardization Institute (ETSI) that describes a common mobile radio communications infrastructure throughout Europe This infrastructure is targeted primarily at the mobile radio needs of public safety groups (such as police and fire departments), utility companies, and other enterprises that provide voice and data communications services. LMDS, (Local Multipoint Distribution System) is a system for broadband microwave wireless transmission direct from a local antenna to homes and businesses within a line-of-sight radius, a solution to the so-called last-mile technology problem of economically bringing high-bandwidth services to users. . 3. 3 List of common digital modulation techniques The most common digital modulation techniques are: †¢ Phase-shift keying (PSK): o Binary PSK (BPS K), using M=2 symbols Quadrature PSK (QPSK), using M=4 symbols o 8PSK, using M=8 symbols o 16PSK, using M=16 symbols o Differential PSK (DPSK) o Differential QPSK (DQPSK) o Offset QPSK (OQPSK) o ? /4–QPSK †¢ Frequency-shift keying (FSK): o Audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) o Multi-frequency shift keying (M-ary FSK or MFSK) o Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) o Continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK) †¢ Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) †¢ On-off keying (OOK), the most common ASK form M-ary vestigial sideband modulation, for example 8VSB †¢ Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) – a combination of PSK and ASK: o Polar modulation like QAM a combination of PSK and ASK. [citation needed] †¢ Continuous phase modulation (CPM) methods: o Minimum-shift keying (MSK) o Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) †¢ Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation: o discrete multitone (DMT) – including adaptive modulation and bit-load ing. †¢ Wavelet modulation Miscellaneous modulation techniques †¢ The use of on-off keying to transmit Morse code at radio frequencies is known as continuous wave (CW) operation. †¢ Adaptive modulation †¢ Space modulation A method whereby signals are modulated within airspace, such as that used in Instrument landing systems. 7 REFRENCES J. R. Barry, E. A. Lee, D. G. Messerschmidt, Digital Communication, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. www. wikipedia. org Communication systems (Simon Haykin), Wiley India

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